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- $Unique_ID{BRK03660}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Devic Disease}
- $Subject{Devic Disease Neuromyelitis Optica Optic Neuromyelitis
- Opthalmoneuromyelitis Optic Neuroencephalomyelopathy Opticomyelitis Devic
- Syndrome Retrobulbar Neuropathy Acute Transverse Myelitis Guillain-Barre
- Syndrome Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Postinfectious Encephalitis)
- Multiple Sclerosis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 479:
- Devic Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Devic Disease) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Neuromyelitis Optica
- Optic Neuromyelitis
- Opthalmoneuromyelitis
- Optic Neuroencephalomyelopathy
- Opticomyelitis
- Devic Syndrome
- Retrobulbar Neuropathy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Acute Transverse Myelitis
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Postinfectious Encephalitis)
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Devic Disease is a rare nerve disorder characterized by loss
- (demyelination) of the fatty sheath surrounding the optic nerve and nerves in
- the spinal cord. This disorder can begin at any age after puberty. An
- initial phase consisting of a slight fever, sore throat and/or head cold
- often occurs. Loss of clear vision is accompanied by mild paralysis (usually
- of the lower limbs) and loss of bladder and bowel control. Devic Disease can
- occur spontaneously, or in conjunction with Multiple Sclerosis or Systemic
- Lupus Erythematosus. (For more information on these disorders, choose "MS"
- and "Lupus" your search terms in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Devic Disease is initially marked by a slight fever, sore throat, and/or head
- cold. Inflammation, loss (demyelination) of the fatty tissue sheath
- surrounding nerves, and softening and swelling of the optic nerve leads to
- pain inside the eye and eventually, loss of clear vision. Initially, only
- one eye may be affected although later both eyes become involved. Following
- this, spinal cord abnormalities associated with mild paralysis (paraparesis)
- of the lower limbs and loss of bowel and bladder control tend to develop.
- Deep tendon reflexes are diminished or absent and variable sensory loss
- occurs. However, paralysis often improves with time, and partial recovery of
- vision difficulties usually occurs.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Devic Disease is not known. Cases of this disorder may
- occur spontaneously, usually following a fever, or they may occur in
- conjunction with Multiple Sclerosis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. (For
- more information on these disorders, choose "MS" and "Lupus" as your search
- terms in the Rare Disease Database). Some researchers believe Devic Disease
- may be an autoimmune disorder, or that it may be genetic. Autoimmune
- disorders occur when the body's natural defenses against disease or invading
- organisms (such as bacteria), for unknown reasons, suddenly begin to attack
- healthy tissue. In this case, these defenses may attack healthy fatty tissue
- surrounding the optic and spinal nerves.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Devic Disease affects males and females in equal numbers, and may occur as a
- feature of Multiple Sclerosis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In some
- cases, it may affect patients following a disease which included fever as a
- symptom.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Devic Disease.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Acute Transverse Myelitis is an acute inflammation, with softening of the
- spinal cord. Spinal nerves of a limited lengthwise section of the spinal
- cord are affected by obstruction of blood vessels, swelling, cellular loss or
- infiltration, and loss of the fatty tissue around the nerves (demyelination).
-
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Acute Idiopathic Polyneuritis) is an autoimmune
- disorder which occurs when the body's defense system attacks the nerves,
- damaging the nerve's fatty sheath (myelin) and axis cylinder (axon). Nerve
- signals are delayed and altered, causing weakness and paralysis of the
- muscles of the legs, arms, and other parts of the body along with abnormal
- sensations. Fischer's Syndrome (a form of polyneuroradiculitis marked by
- ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and arreflexia) and Chronic Idiopathic Polyneuritis
- (chronic inflammation of groups of spinal nerve cells with an unknown origin)
- are two very rare forms of the disorder. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Guillain-Barre Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Postinfectious Encephalitis) is a
- central nervous system disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain
- and spinal cord caused by damage to the fatty sheath surrounding the nerves.
- This can occur spontaneously, but usually follows a viral infection or
- inoculation such as a bacterial or viral vaccine.
-
- The following disorders may precede the development of Devic Disease.
- They can be useful in identifying an underlying cause of some forms of this
- disorder:
-
- Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord
- (central nervous system) which may be progressive, relapsing and remitting,
- or stable. The pathology of MS consists of small lesions called plaques that
- form randomly throughout the brain and spinal cord. These plaques are due to
- loss of the fatty sheath surrounding nerves and prevents proper transmission
- of nervous system signals and thus result in a variety of neurological
- symptoms. Most patients with MS have a near normal life span. Symptoms
- often include visual difficulties as well as speech impairment, abnormal skin
- sensations or numbness, gait disturbance, and difficulties with bladder and
- bowel function. In a small number of cases, Devic Disease has occurred as a
- complication of MS. (For more information on this disorder, choose "MS" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (also known as Lupus) is an inflammatory
- connective tissue disease that can affect many parts of the body including
- the joints, skin and internal organs. Lupus is a disease of the body's
- immune system, most often striking young women between the ages of fifteen
- and thirty-five years. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Lupus" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Early treatment of Devic Disease using ACTH hormone or corticosteroid drugs
- usually controls inflammation of the optic nerve and spine. Other treatment
- is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Lymphocytoplasmapheresis is being investigated as a possible treatment for
- patients with Devic Disease. This procedure is a method for removing
- unwanted substances (toxins, metabolic substances and plasma parts) from the
- blood. Blood is removed from the patient and blood or lymph cells are
- separated from plasma. The new plasma is then transfused into the patient.
- This therapy is still under investigation to analyze side effects and
- effectiveness. More research is needed before lymphocytoplasmapheresis can
- be recommended for use in all but the most severe cases of Devic Disease.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Devic Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute (NEI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- LYMPHOCYTAPLASMAPHERESIS IN DEVIC'S SYNDROME: A.J. Aguilera, et al.;
- Transfusion (January-February 1985, issue 25(1)). Pp. 54-56.
-
- DEVIC'S SYNDROME AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE REPORT WITH
- NECROPSY: E.L. Kinney, et al.; Arch Neurol (October 1979, issue 36 (10)).
- Pp. 643-644.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 2246.
-
-